MiG-29 Fulcrum

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MiG-29 Fulcrum

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Свака част Жарку Скоку на овој фотографији...



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Ukrajinci nesto butaju
Ukraine announces plans to develop new fighter
Citat:On 15 March Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko announced that the country's defence industry will develop its own twin-engine, multirole fighter. The announcement was made during Poroshenko's visit to the Ivchenko-Progress engine design bureau located in the southern Ukrainian city of Zaparozhe. This facility is also co-located with one of the largest aero-engine assembly sites in all of the former Soviet Union: the Motor Sich production plant.

Ukrainian aeronautical design teams have already produced what has been described as a "sketch outline" of a platform for a new fighter, which has been given the programme name of Legkiy Boiviy Litak, which is Ukrainian for "Lightweight Combat Aircraft" and abbreviated as LBL. The aircraft is supposed to bear a strong resemblance to the Soviet-designed Mikoyan MiG-29 in its external appearance, but the aircraft's onboard systems will be of non-Russian origin.

One of the main differences between this new Ukrainian design and the original MiG-29 will be its engines and electronics. Reports from Poroshenko's visit to the Ivchenko facility stated that the two engines would be "a design based on the AI-322F and the avionics would be of both Western and Ukrainian manufacture".

Arrow http://www.janes.com/article/68801/ukraine-announc.....ew-fighter



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Evo nam nekih detalja ....

Citat:N019 / Rubin / RPLK-29 / S-29

NATO: "Slot Back"

OKB: Phazotron NIIR

Based on the work done by NPO Istok on the experimental Soyuz program, Phazotron NIIR were tasked with producing a modern radar for the MiG-29. Originally intended to have a planar array antenna and digital signal processing, and a range of 100km against a fighter target, it soon became clear that this would not be achievable, at least not in a radar that would fit in the MiG-29's nose. Phazotron NIIR reverted to a developed version of the twist cassegrain antenna used successfully on the Sapfir-23ML, and a hybrid analogue/digital design using an analogue signal processor (like early Western pulse-doppler radars such as AWG-9) and a TS100 digital main processor. This could achieve 170,000 operations per second, had 8K RAM and 136k ROM, was built using medium scale integration ICs and weighed a hefty 32 kg. N019 operates in X band around 3cm.

Radar Modes

The following descriptions are generally taken from the MiG-29 (9.12B) export version manual.

Radar scan limits in azimuth: +-65°
Radar scan limits in elevation: +56°, -36°

Mode "V" (Vstryehchya) : Encounter

High PRF mode for optimal detection range against closing targets. Display is calibrated to a maximum range of 150km, which would only be achievable for a large target. Cooperation mode with the IRST must be turned off.

Detects targets from 30m to 23,000m altitude which are closing at a range rate of 230 - 2500km/h.

Target can be up to 10,000m above or 6,000m below the carrier aircrafts altitude (snap-up or snap-down)

A typical 3 sq m RCS fighter can be detected at 50-70 km and tracked at 40-60 km. Target flying below 3,000m reduces the minimum detection range to 40km and tracking range to 30km, though maximum ranges remain the same.

Two basic scan patterns are used. A 6 bar raster scan is used under GCI control. This scan covers 40 degrees in azimuth at ranges up to 30km, 30 degrees at ranges of 30-55 km, and 20 degrees above 55km, with the direction of the scan cued by CGI command towards the target.

A 4 bar raster scan mode is used to acquire a target manually. This mode scans a constant 50 degrees azimuth zone, and it is expected that the rough direction to target will be given by ground control.

There is no scan pattern for full azimuth range scanning. The 130° scan area is divided into 3 sectors. Left sector is -65° to -15°, centre sector covers -25° to +25°, right sector from +15° to +65°, giving overlapping coverage of the full 130° scan limits. The pilot must manually select which sector to scan.

Mode "D" (Dogon): Pursuit

A medium PRF mode usable for all aspect engagements including tail-on engagements, though due to its short detection range it is generally reserved only for use in tailchase engagements. Display is calibrated to a maximum range of 50km, which is achievable only against a large target. When "Cooperation" mode is selected, the radar is automatically switched to "D" mode and will scan with the IRST.

Detects targets from 30 m to 23,000 m altitude which are closing or receding at a range rate of 210 - 2200 km/h.

Target can be up to 10,000m above or 6,000m below.

Range against a typical 3 sq m RCS fighter target is

Above 3000m: 25-35km search and 20-35km track
Below 3000m: 20-35km search and 18-35km track
500-1000m: 15-30km search and 13-25km track

Scan coverage is 40° in azimuth, 16.5° in elevation at ranges below 20km. Above 20km, scan coverage is 30° in azimuth, 13.5° in elevation.

Mode "AVT" (Aootomaht) Automatic

Automatic mode uses a mixture of High and Medium PRF to give optimal all aspect detection. It generates a display calibrated to a maximum range of 100km. It is considered to be quite problematic, particularly on the N019EB with downgraded Ts100 processor, overloading the data computer and generating numerous false returns. It is primarily intended for use when lacking information from the ground station concerning the target's direction.

Mode "BL BOY" (Bleezhniy Boy) Close Combat

Close Combat mode overrides all other modes. It uses a + 37°/ -13° vertical scan that is 6° wide and provides semiautomatic target acquisition from 250 m to 10km in range, though it is not slewable but fixed ahead only. Targets can be tracked in a closure rate range from +300 meters/second to -500 meters/second.

Submode "SNP" (Soprovazhdenie Na Prokhode) Track-While-Flyby

Track-while-flyby mode allows the simultaneous tracking of up to 10 targets while remaining in scan mode. The target with the highest rate of closure is designated the most dangerous, and marked on the display. The TSVM computer calculates missile launch parameters for the most dangerous target. As the range to target approaches the calculated maximum missile launch range, the radar will automatically transition to tracking mode to allow missile launch at maximum range with minimal warning to the target (due to remainng in scan mode as long as possible). It is thought that the radar cannot scan for new targets whilst in this mode, but can only keep track of the 10 known contacts.

N019EA Export variant for Warpac countries only. Slightly downgraded but uses same processors as N019.

N019EB Export variant for general export. More downgraded. Less capable TS100.02.06 digital processor, more prone to overloading.

N019M Topaz Updated version, tested from 1986, entered limited production in 1991. Slightly lighter at 350kg. Has increased ECM resistance, new software, advanced built-in monitoring system. New Ts101M computer eliminates the processor overload problems of the N019, going from the Ts100's 170,000 to 400,000 operations per second whilst weighing less, just 19kg, and with doubled MTBF of 1000h. N019M allows two targets to be engaged by two active radar homing or heat seeking missiles simultaneously. Range increased slightly to 80km. Intended to be fitted to MiG-29 (9.13) in second stage upgrade, about 16 aircraft with N019M are thought to have entered service with the VVS.

N019ME Topaz Export version of Topaz, slightly downgraded.

N019MP Topaz Further modified Topaz proposed for MiG-29SMT. Uses Baguet series processor. The maximum range remains the about the same, but the radar can detect 20 targets simultaneously, track four, and engage two. The radar has also basic air-to-ground functions, like ground mapping mode, acquisition and engagement of sea targets with radar homing missiles, and ground targets with unguided weaponry under any weather conditions, day and night. The NO19MP can generate maps of 15x15, 24x24, 50x50 or 77x77km with a resolution of 15m. Radar imagery can be transmitted via datalink to GCI centres or A-50 AWACS aircraft. Targets visible on the radar map can be designated by the pilot (using a joystick) or ground control, and used to cue TV-guided missiles, whose higher resolution imagery can then be displayed or transmitted to the GCI or A-50 controller as well. Performance against slow flying helicopters was improved as well as resistance to jamming. Uses Doppler beam sharpening techniques. Not known to be in service.

N019M1 This latest upgraded radar proposal from Phazotron retains the antenna and transmitter block assemblies but replaces pretty much all the rest of the radar. It introduces new fully programmable digital processing, giving 30-50% greater range in air-to-air search and track. Greatly improved true TWS mode, with the ability to continue searching for new targets while tracking 10. 4 targets can engaged at once with R-77 missiles. 4 different close combat modes. Has raid assessment mode, and target class recognition. Air to surface modes include Real beam, DBS, SAR (5x5m), and moving target detection. Compatible with the Kh-31A/Kh-35A. Allows target handoff to TV. Collision alarm system. It is being touted as a low cost upgrade for existing MiG-29 operators.


Citat:KOLS / Izdeliye 13Sh / OEPS-29

OKB: NPO Geophyizika



Fitted to the MiG-29A, KOLS is a combined IRST/LR device. All aspect device. Acquires targets independently, or with data input from the radar. Can detect a non-afterburning fighter at a range of 12-18km. The collimated laser can provide ranging data from 200-6500m accurate to 3m. Scanning limits are ±30° azimuth, -15°/+30° elevation.



Operates in several scanning modes. In large FOV mode scanning is ±30° azimuth, +30°/15° elevation. In small FOV mode scanning limits are ±30° azimuth and ±15° elevation. Close combat mode scans +16° to -14° by 4°. Lock-on mode scans 6° x 4°. Target tracking rate is up to 30°/sec.

KOLS is able to reject flares only if the combined signature of the flares is less than the target.

Targets are displayed on the same display as the radar.


Arrow http://archive.li/uzJZ2


Citat:KOLS radi i u `V -režimu`. Mnogo vežbi smo proveli presretanjem ciljeva u PPS putem KOLS-a i to sa ciljevima na većoj i manjoj visini u odnosu na let lovca. Radar je obično bio na "dežurnom režimu" tj. nije isijavao i odavao protivniku informaciju o ozračenju.

Malo je pričano o instrumentalnom navođenju na cilj i sistemu LAZUR, kada radar ne radi već je u "dežurnom režimu" jer ne isijava. KOLS radi i pasivno prati stanje u prednjoj polusferi. LAZUR sistemom pilot dobija podatke o poziciji cilja ( na instrumentima mu se postavljaju pozicije kako bi avion doveo u zonu cilja (nema govornih radio- poruka) i kad dođe u zonu cilja i sa centra sa zemlje koji LAZUR sistemom navodi avion ,se bez pilota može startovati radar na isijavanje, bez komande pilota, kako bi se u kratkom vremenskom periodu izvršila akvizicija cilja, zahvat i stekli uslovi za lansiranje.

KOLS otkriva i prati ciljeve velikog spektra zračenja toplote, pa time i srednje talasne dužine oplate aviona i ima veće uglove akvizicije cilja od glave samonavođenja IC- rakete. Dakle on određuje njegove pozicije (ugaone brzine) i udaljenost, te nema istu ulogu kao glava samonavođenja, koja raketu treba dovesti do samog konkretnog cilja i ne upecati se na mamce i ometanja.
KOLS "pomaže" raketi da što pre dovede sebe u zahvat cilja, sa jedne strane. A sa druge strane ,KOLS obrađene podatke o cilju daje SUV-u ( putanja kretanja, ugaone brzine i udaljenost) kako bi se izračunalo (odredilo) da li raketa može "dobaciti" do cilja, bez obzira što je izvršila i ona zahvat.

Bez obzira što raketa ima zahvat, ako je udaljenost prevelika, raketni motor neće uspeti bojevu glavu rakete dobaciti do bliže zone cilja, pa time ni radio ili optički upaljači neće imati uslove za aktiviranje bojeve glave. I kad raketni motor prestane raditi i ne dobaci bojevu glavu do cilja, istroše se resursi gasogeneratora sistema upravljanja rakete, raketa počinje da pada sa svojom bojevom glavom. Postaje nevođeno balističko telo. Kod rakete R- 60MK nastupa mehanizam samolikvidacije bojeve glave, a to raketa R-73 nema. Pa njena bojeva glava pada na zemlju.
Zbog toga mi nemamo mogućnosti organizacije poligona za raketiranje raketama R-73.

I pošto pričamo o ugaonim brzinama koje prati i meri KOLS, jasno je da to mogu biti samo prave letelice, koje u letu ostvaruju ugaone brzine po sve tri ose. E IC -mamac to nema. Tj. njegove ugaone brzine nisu takve da bi imale karakteristike letelice (aviona).

I radar 29-vetke ne meri linearne brzine, već ugaone brzine potencijalnog cilja. I tako selektuje šta bi moglo biti potencijalni cilj, stim što pri izračunavanju SUV, ne razmatra ciljeve koji lete sporije od 150 km/čas. I shodno ugaonom brzinama cilja i udaljenosti cilja, odredjuje i cilj najopasniji za lovca, te ga svrstava (preporučuje) pilotu u prioritet za dejstvo. Dakle prati 10 ciljeva.

I KOLS tako prati više ciljeva, pasivno i podatke o njima dostavlja SUV-u.
KOLS je pasivni sistem koji u potpunosti zamenjuje radar, normalno na manjoj distanci.


Smajli

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Jedan tekst na ruskom o MiG-29
http://aviationz.narod.ru/tech/pl/mig-29-9-12.html

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Ovo moze da se prenese na `originalnu temu` Smajli

Djokkinen ::





Arrow https://www.mycity-military.com/Ostalo-3/Knjiga-MiG-29-nasa-prica.html#p1938545

Odmah na pocetku sve cestitke autorima za ovaj rad a povodom 30 godina sluzbe L/NL-18 u RV-PVO .Isto tako cu iskoristiti priliku da ako nije problem uz svo duzno postovanje prema autorima malo skrenem paznju na neke cinjenice .

Nase RV-PVO ,RV-PVO JNA ,jeste bilo prvo evropsko ali ne i svetsko koje je dobilo MiG-29 .Pored Indije koja je prve primerke dobila jos u aprilu/maju 1987 g, imamo dakle Siriju koja je prve 9-12B/9-51B dobila u junu/julu 1987g a onda po informacijama koji su dostupni na netu a izvori su cuvena `Rand-korporacija` i `SIPRI` ,Irak je prve 9-12B dobio u sept./okt. 1987g i to 16 kom ( `87/`88 ukupno 15x 9-12B i jedan 9-51B ) .

Na 54oj str. dokumenta ( pise 24 isporucena medjutim ,njihova 9ta lov.eskadrila je pred operaciju `Pustinjska oluja` 15og jan. 1991 imala 16x 9-12B/9-51B ) .

Arrow https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/notes/2009/N3248.pdf


Znaci veoma je moguce da je SFRJ bila tek 4ta drzava u svetu kojoj su isporuceni MiG-29 i to MiG-29B/UB ,tacnije prvo MiG-29UB pa tek onda MiG-29B ( prva dva UB znamo 24og sept. 1987g , imamo sad i snimak tog istorijskog dogadjaja a onda u dve ture osnovna grupa jednoseda 9-12B u dec. 1987g i zadnja 4 x 9-12B u martu a ne u aprilu 1988g ) .

Dalje ,nasi 9-12B/9-51B svakako nisu bili najbolji ( najbolja verzija kako pise ) vec po nivou el. opreme degradirani cak i u odnosu na 9-12A ( posebno kad je u pitanju radar N019EB `Rubin` spram N019EA ) .Ovo se posebno tice recimo i sistema raspoznavanja `svoj-tudj `( SRZ/SRZO koji je u VU imao posebne standarde npr ) .Recimo i ovo ,nasi piloti nikad nisu dobili one NSC `Schelj-3UM` na ZSh-7AP( samo na ZSh-5 ) sa maskom tipa KM-34 npr , eto imali smo prilike da dobijemo slucajno R-73 umesto R-73E ali cinjenica da su imali R-27R1 dovoljno govori o nivou degradiranja radara N019EB spram N019 iz VVS SSSR/RF.

Citat:N019EA Export variant for Warpac countries only. Slightly downgraded but uses same processors as N019.
N019EB Export variant for general export. More downgraded. Less capable TS100.02.06 digital processor, more prone to overloading.



Ono sto je realnost jeste sledece :

Citat:Imam iskustvo sa kvalitetom bugarskih i slovačkih mašina. Naše su imale veći nalet i daleko manji intenzitet otkaza. Posebno naši motori RD- 33, bili su kvalitetniji od bugarskih. Bio sam u bugarskom zavodu u Plovdivu i video kakvu muku muče sa RD- 33. Kad sam pogledao dokumentaciju njihovih motora, prvo sam ustanovio, da su njihovi motori iz nekog drugog zavoda proizvođača, a naši su iz zavoda koji se nalazi u Ufi (Ural).
Bio sam 1995g u decembru skoro 15 dana u ruskom institutu za pouzdanost aviona i njegovih sistema, koji se nalazi u istočnom delu predgrađa Moskve ,u mestu Ljuberci. I Rusi su čak imali veći intenzitet otkaza po času leta od nas !
Šta može biti razlog ? Kvalitet proizvodnje ili kvalitet ljudi koji se bave održavanjem ,ili čak i klimatski uslovi ? Mislim da je održavanje u pitanju, kada su mašine 9.12B u pitanju.


Dakle , ljudski faktor je ovde u pitanju ,imali smo tako dobar ,ma ne dobar, odlican tehnicki i letacki kadar nekada u RV-PVO JNA ,malo kasnije u RV-PVO VJ a danas ???

Autorima jos jednom cestitke i sve najbolje ,nadam se da ce uvaziti ove ispravke ... Smile

Ziveli


PS

Podaci sa poznatog ruskog foruma ( registar ) ,nesto ne nadjoh za dva 9-51B/UB , hm .

Citat:34-02● 2960525085 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (29.11.1987) №18101 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 22.12.1987; 101 ИАЭ ВВС Сербии (Батайница) – 15.11.2006.
34-03● 2960525086 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (24.11.1987) №18102 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 22.12.1987; 101 ИАЭ ВВС Сербии (Батайница) – 15.11.2006.
34-04● 2960525089 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (24.11.1987) №18103 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 22.12.1987; уничтожен на земле 27.04.1999.
34-05● 2960525090 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (04.12.1987) №18104 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; уничтожен на земле 11.05.1999.
34-06● 2960525095 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (05.12.1987) №18105 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; 101 ИАЭ ВВС Сербии (Батайница) – 15.11.06; потерян 07.07.2009.
34-07● 2960525096 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (08.12.1987) №18106 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; потерян в воздушном бою 24.03.1999.
34-08● 2960525098 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (08.12.1987) №18107 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; уничтожен на земле 26.03.1999.
34-09● 2960525100 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (07.12.1987) №18108 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; 101 ИАЭ ВВС Сербии (Батайница) – 15.11.2006
34-10● 2960525102 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (11.12.1987) №18109 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; потерян в воздушном бою 04.05.1999.
34-11● 2960525104 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (14.12.1987) №18110 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 28.12.1987; потерян 26.03.1999.
35-10● 2960525136 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (10.03.1988) №18111 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 20.04.1988; потерян в воздушном бою 24.03.1999.
35-11● 2960525139 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (11.03.1988) №18112 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 20.04.1988; потерян в воздушном бою 24.03.1999.
35-12● 2960525142 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (16.03.1988) №18113 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 20.04.1988; потерян в воздушном бою 26.03.1999.
35-13● 2960525146 МиГ-29Б /9.12Б (18.03.1988) №18114 127 ИАЭ ВВС Югославии (Батайница) - 20.04.1988; потерян в воздушном бою 26.03.1999.


Arrow http://forums.airforce.ru/matchast/4945-reestr-mig-29-a/

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Витезови СРЈ.





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^

Legendarna slika ,stajanka i L/NL-18 iz 127lae `Vitezovi`,204lap u sastavu RV-PVO VJ Smajli




PS

Pogledajmo samo kombinaciju podvesavanja raketa kod `sparke` na stajanci u predhodnom postu ,6x R-73E . Smile

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MiG-29 i MiG-21.

Citat:Published on Mar 21, 2017
Слава и част погинулим пилотима у агресији НАТО на СРЈ 1999. године.
За сећaње и незаборав.


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Реј

Колико видим у књизи стоји да је ЈРВ једино 1987. добило МиГ-29. Дакле у тој години једино у свету а не прво у свету.

Наравно по ономе што је јавно доступно Индија и Сирија су сигурно пре нас добили авионе иако је Сирија можда наручила авионе после СФРЈ. Могуће је и да је Ирак своје 29ке добио нешто мало раније него ми.

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^

Tako je ,`prvo evropsko i jedino svetsko` tako i pise ,tako sam i preneo ,dakle vazi za 1987g .Mada na dnu stranice ima komentar da je Indija zapravo prva dobila 29tke nakon VVS-FA SSSR sto jeste tacno .

Medjutim veci broj 9-12B/9-51B Indija je dobila kako rekoh jos na prolece te godine ,Sirija ( tehnicari i piloti bili sa nasim u grupi na preobuci u Lugovaji i Frunzeu ) tokom leta a Irak je dobio svoje 9-12B i samo jedan 9-51B pocev od sept/okt `87 i nesto `88 kao i mi .

Juga je dobila svega 2 UB krajem sept. te godine i glavninu 9-12B u drugoj polovini dec . pa je veoma moguce da su ove tri drzave dobile veci broj aviona u kontigentima pre SFRJ .Neki detalji o svemu ovom bi se mozda mogli naci u nekim ruskim dokumentima,mozda u onom registru sa `airforce.ru` ?

Za Indiju cak stoji da je prve primerke dobila tokom 1986g ,tako barem navodi poznati Poljak

Arrow http://www.mig.mariwoj.pl/mig-29-in.htm

Medjutim ovo treba dobro proveriti ,mislim da je to greska a evo fotki sa ceremonije prijema lovca `Baaz` kako ga Indusi zovu ( cini mi se da to znaci `soko` ) ...


Baaz : Induction of the MiG-29 (1987)


Arrow http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Galleries/Special/Features/Baaz/

Inace isti poznati indijski sajt navodi sl.

Citat:MiG-29 [Fulcrum] Baaz
The MiG-29 forms three operational squadrons (No.28, No.47 and No.223) in the IAF. A fourth squadron was expected to be raised, however plans for that have been scrapped. IAF MiG-29s have had their share of technical problems, since its induction in 1986. In 1994, a joint aviation venture, the Indo-Russian Aviation Private Ltd., in maintenance & support was set up by HAL and MiG-MAPO and the technical problems were rectified to a satisfactory level. SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) reports that eight MiG-29S Fulcrum-Cs were ordered in 1994 and were delivered by 1996. Also from a SIPRI report is a 1995 order of two MiG-29UB Fulcrum-Bs, which were delivered by 1996.


Arrow http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Galleries/Aircraft/Current/Fighters/MiG29/

Indusi ipak nisu dobili 9-13S koliko mi je poznato a ispod slika na stranici sajta ima dosta pogresnih komentara .

Citat:Indian test pilots became the first foreigners to fly the aircraft when they evaluated the MiG-29 in 1985,a and that year India became the firste export customer when it signed a contract for the delivery of 48 MiG-29`s for delivery in the April and May of 1987.The first Indian MiG-29 unit to form was No 47 Sqn `The Archers ` based at Poona .

`MiG-29 Soviet Superfigther ,Jon Lake ,1989`

Dakle i Indusi su leteli na 29ci tokom 1985g kad i nas B.Bilbija ,mozda ih je pretekao ? Smile

Primer Sirijaca

Citat:In service
Since 1987 up to day
Operational: no data, up to 22

Deliveries
In total: 22 MiGs in 1987 and 1988


Arrow http://www.mig.mariwoj.pl/mig-29-sy.htm

Citat:The total number of MiG-29s acquired by Syria in 1988 still remains somewhat of a mystery. The much-reported claim of forty-eight is likely to have been exaggerated, and only twenty-two to twenty-four are actually believed to have been delivered.

Arrow http://spioenkop.blogspot.ba/2015/01/the-syrian-ar.....f-its.html

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