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- Legendarni građanin
- Pridružio: 17 Sep 2010
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Predstavljanje 2 `atomne podvode lodke` koje drze rekorde ( imali smo ih na temi ali sada i detaljnije ).Pored rekordnih podvodnih brzina i dubina zajednicko im je i trup od titana .
Lista APL sa titanijumskim trupom
 http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0.....0%BD%D0%B0
sa prosle stranice ...
APL K-162 kasnije K-222 `Zlatna ribica` ,Projekta 661 `Ancar` (NATO oznaka `Papa` ) koja i danas drzi podvodni brzinski rekord od 44.7 cvorova ( 82.8 km/h) .
Citat:В 1969 году на государственных испытаниях лодка развила при 80 % мощности реакторов скорость 42 узла, вместо спецификационных 38 узлов. В 1971 году на мерной миле при полной мощности реакторов была достигнута скорость в 44,7 узлов. При этом на скоростях выше 35 узлов из-за турбулентного характера обтекания лодки возникали шумы, доходящие в центральном посту лодки до 100 децибел. Подобный шум не только приводил к дискомфорту экипажа, но и лишал лодку скрытности.
Interesantno sa jednom turbinom je razvila 32 cvora !
Pored ove fantasticne brzine ,bila je brza od svih torpeda tog vremena ,imala je u arsenalu i mocno naoruzanje za PB borbu ,PBR P-70 `Ametist` ,b/k 10 raketa .
Dakle kao tehnoloski demonstrator svog doba(kraj 60-tih i pocetak 70-tih ) i sa naucno-tehnicko-tehnoloskim ( inzenjersko-konstruktivnim ) resenjima od kojih su neka bila ispred svog vremena .
Ruski tekstovi
http://www.ug.ru/archive/2425
http://www.deepstorm.ru/DeepStorm.files/45-92/nsrs/661/list.htm
Ostali se mogu naci na
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A-222
Druga APL takodje i jedina je radjena po Projektu 685 `Plavnik` K-278 `Komsomolec `(NATO oznaka `Mike` ) i drzi rekord postignute dubine od 1027m.
Citat:К-278 «Комсомолец» — советская атомная подводная лодка 3-го поколения, единственная лодка проекта 685 «Плавник». Лодке принадлежит абсолютный рекорд по глубине погружения среди подводных лодок — 1027 метров (4 августа 1985)
Unutrasnji trup je bio od titanijuma ...a naoruzanje pored klasicnih torpeda ,raketo-torpeda RK-55 i cuveni ( mnogo kasnije ) VA-111 `Shkval` superkavitacioni torpedo (V=100m/s)
http://www.mycity-military.com/Mornaricko-naoruzan.....acija.html
Citat:K-278 had a double hull, the inner one being composed of titanium, which gave her an operating depth far greater than that of the best American submarines. The pressure hull was composed of seven compartments with the second and third protected by stronger forward and aft bulkheads creating a "safety zone" in case of an emergency. An escape capsule was fitted in the sail above these compartments to enable the crew to abandon ship in the event of an underwater emergency. Initial Western intelligence estimates of K-278’s speed were based on the assumption that it was powered by a pair of liquid-metal lead-bismuth reactors. When the Soviet Union revealed that the submarine used a single OK-650b-3 conventional pressurized-water reactor, these speed estimates were lowered.
Medjutim ono po cemu je ona poznata je nazalost tragedija koja se desila 1989 g u norveskom moru
Citat:Погибла в результате пожара в Норвежском море 7 апреля 1989 года.
The Komsomolets Disaster
http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ship/row/rus/si-montgomery.ht
Vise o K-278 `Komsomolec`
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1.....%B5%D1%86_(%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%B0)
Neka od pomenutih resenja sa `Zlatne ribice` ( konstrukcija ,automatizacija itd ) su primenjena na seriji APL ( podmornice -lovci iliti `hunter-killer`) iz Projekta 705/705K `Lira` sire poznate kao `Alfa` naravno NATO oznaka ali i na APL Projekta 949 i 949A ( raspored osovina i propelera )
Pored ostalog bile su poznate takodje kao titanijumske ali i po revolucionarnom sistemu hladjena reaktora na bazi tecnih metala ( olovo-bizmut ).
Citat:The Lira was a unique design among submarines. In addition to the revolutionary use of titanium for its hull, it used a powerful lead cooled fast reactor as a power source, which greatly reduced the size of the reactor compared to conventional designs, thus reducing the overall size of the submarine, and allowing for very high speeds. However, it also meant that the reactor had a short lifetime and had to be kept warm when it was not being used. As a result, the Liras were used as interceptors, mostly kept in port ready for a high-speed dash into the North Atlantic.
Nesto vise o brzini kao jednoj od odlika Lira/Alfi
Citat:Designed burst speed in tests was 43–45 kn (49–52 mph; 80–83 km/h) for all vessels, and speeds of 41–42 kn (47–48 mph; 76–78 km/h) could be sustained. Acceleration to top speed took one minute and reversing 180 degrees at full speed took just 40 seconds. This degree of maneuverability exceeds all other submarines and most torpedoes that were in service at the time. Indeed, during training the boats proved able to successfully evade torpedoes launched by other submarines, which required introduction of faster torpedoes such as the American ADCAP or British Spearfish. However, the price for this was a very high noise level at burst speed.[citation needed] According to U.S. Naval Intelligence, the tactical speed was similar to Sturgeon-class submarines.
Trup
Citat:Like all Soviet nuclear submarines, Project 705 used a double hull, where the internal hull withstands the pressure and the outer one protects it and provides an optimal hydrodynamic shape. However, unlike almost all other submarines, the hulls of the Lira had variable diameters. The shape is optimized for minimal active sonar signature and minimal water resistance and, although it complicated the design, it was essential for providing required maneuverability.
Apart from the prototypes, all six Project 705 and 705K submarines were built with titanium alloy hulls, which was revolutionary in submarine design at the time due to the cost of titanium and the technologies and equipment needed to work with it.
Te o pogonu
Citat:Propulsion
The power plant for the boat was a lead-bismuth cooled fast reactor. Such reactors have a number of advantages over older types:
Due to higher coolant temperature, their energy efficiency is up to 1.5 times higher.
Lifetime without refueling can be increased more easily, in part due to higher efficiency.
Liquid lead-bismuth systems can't cause an explosion and quickly solidify in case of a leak, greatly improving safety.
LCFRs are much lighter and smaller than water-cooled reactors, which was the primary factor when considering power plant choice for Lira.
Ima jos interesantnih detalja poput onih o operaciji `Safir` .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa-class_submarine
Kad je u pitanju nivo buke /Acoustic stealth comparison/ postoji ovaj dijagram
Pitanje je koliko je ovo sve tacno ,ova `vertikalna osa`valjda daje vrednosti buke u dB ?
Podatak za `Zlatnu ribicu` govori o nivou buke od 100dB pri brzinama vecim od 35 cvorova .
Da se zakljuci ,Sovjeti su prakticno tokom 70-tih i 80-tih ispod povrsine mora i okeana imali prave `podvodne munje ` i ne samo to, te `podvodne munje` su bile naoruzane takodje munjama u obliku i danas najbrzih torpeda cuvenih `Shkval` ( poznata afera sa americkim spijunom E.Poupom 2000g koji je dosao do dokumenata vezanih za njega ).Na jednom dokumentarcu cini mi se vezanim za `Alfe` bio je podatak da su ta torpeda bila u operativnoj upotrebi 20 godina a da se nije znalo za njihovo postojanje ?
Moglo bi se reci `brzina na kvadrat` 
E sad malo da se osvrnem na situaciju ispod povrsine mora i okeana tih godina ( znaci 50-te,60-te,70-te i 80-te ).Opste je poznato da Ameri pa prakticno od kraja 2 S.R. vladaju svetskim morima ( NA i njihove borbene ili jurisne grupe ) ,vladari su i danas i tu dvojbe nema .
Ali oni su i onda pa mozda i danas vladari na povrsini mora ali sta se krije i radi ispod povrsine ?
Pogledajmo samo podmornicku flotu SSSR ( kvalitet i kvantitet ) od 50-tih pa na dalje .
Jedno pitanje -konstatacija ...
Ako je zaista tacno da su recimo `Lire /Alfe` ( moze se racunati i na takodje super-brzu K-162 `Zlatnu ribicu` ) njih 7 ( doduse jedna je vrlo brzo napustila flotni sastav ) mogle da pobegnu /izmanevrisu US/NATO torpeda a pri tom imale u arsenalu superbrze `Shkval` onda je tehnoloska prednost bila ocigledna ... ( Mk 48 ADCAP i `Spearfish` tek krajem 80-tih )
Citat:The MK-48 is designed to combat fast, deep-diving nuclear submarines and high performance surface ships. It is carried by all Navy submarines. The improved version, MK-48 ADCAP, is carried by attack submarines, the Ohio class ballistic missile submarines and will be carried by the Seawolf class attack submarines. The MK-48 replaced both the MK-37 and MK-14 torpedoes. The MK-48 has been operational in the US Navy since 1972. MK-48 ADCAP became operational in 1988 and was approved for full production in 1989. Spearfish entered full production in 1988.
Meni licno je izuzetno zanimljivo gledati i slusati dokumentarce ali i citati o tim podvizima sovjetske nauke i tehnike ,inzenjerskih i konstrukcionih poduhvata pogotovo kad je u pitanju izgradnja trupova od takvih materijala kao sto je titan i njegove legure ( pored njega tu su visokokvalitetni celici ,avionske legure Aluminijuma itd ) ,dalje proces varenja i spajanja tih materijala po cemu su Ruje inace poznate ,pa ovo oko `Shkval` takodje revolucionarno dosta toga ( neki izvori govore kako su na Zapadu govorili da je to tehnicki neizvodljivo no opet moguca je i propaganda /dezinformacija ) o reaktorima sa sistemom hladjenja na bazi tecnih metala takodje i jos dosta toga .
Voennoe Delo: Titanium ALFA! Soviet project 705 submarine killer!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JpXBGEwQ5qg
Sovjetska/ruska skola podmornicarstva je po mnogo cemu izuzetna . Ustvari njima su ( Sovjetima i to njihovoj SF ) vec na samom pocetku Hladnog rata bila nametnuta `pravila igre` sistemom SOSUS u tzv GIUK prolazu .
http://profpaulcutter.com/PDF/Hi-tech%20Studies/Giuk%20Gap.SOSUS.pdf
Time je sovjetskom vojnom rukovodstvu te komandi VMF dat zatadak ,kako sve to izbeci ,ostati necujan i neprimecen ,proci sve to i izaci u S.Atlantik a time i doci pred istocnu obalu SAD .
Otuda i ne cudi toliki broj Projekata raznih podvodnih `atomohoda` iliti podvodnih lodki sa sposobnoscu da anulira postojanje SOSUS ,dodje u zonu za koju su Ameri/NATO smatrali da je njihova zona borbenog patroliranja i delovanja te zaigraju podvodni `kazacok` .
Tako je bilo decenijama unazad a svedoci smo da se desava i u danasnjem dobu .
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