PARS Tor M1/2 (SA-15 Gauntlet)

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«Тор-М2» группировки войск «Днепр» на Ореховском направлении в Запорожской области.
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Citat:“Kupol” Upgrades Tor SAM Protection Against FPV Drones and Adds Integrated UAV Jamming CapabilityDescription:The Electronic Warfare (EW) system of the Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM) complex includes UAV signal detection sensors mounted diagonally in the front and rear sections of the combat vehicle (CV), along with omnidirectional signal-jamming units that feature a hemispherical radiation pattern. These units contain multiple jamming channels, each consisting of signal generators, amplifiers, and radiating antennas.The EW system also incorporates a directional sector-jamming antenna array mounted directly on the CV’s guidance radar antenna. This array rotates together with the antenna toward the engaged target, with its boresight axis precisely aligned to the guidance radar antenna’s boresight. The directional antenna array is connected to a dedicated jamming-signal amplifier/generator mounted on the vehicle’s rotating antenna-launcher assembly. The detector-equipped units are linked to the control console and power supply.The SAM EW system operates in two independent modes:Omnidirectional (all-around) mode — provides 360° protection of the combat vehicle by jamming UAV and FPV drone control signals at ranges up to 500 m.
Sectoral mode — suppresses UAV and FPV drone control and navigation signals in a narrow sector at extended ranges up to 5,000 m.

In omnidirectional mode, Block 1 generates a hemispherical “dome” radiation pattern (360° in azimuth × 90° in elevation). Because full hemispherical coverage cannot be achieved from a single mounting location on the vehicle without blind zones, two Block 1 units are installed diagonally at the front and rear of the CV. Two sub-modes are implemented for all-aspect protection:
• continuous emission of jamming signals, and
• automatic activation triggered by Detector 2 upon detection of FPV drone video downlink signals.Sectoral mode is used to counter reconnaissance UAVs by suppressing their signals at significant standoff distances from the combat vehicle. This function is performed by Block 3 (directional antenna array) and the associated jamming-signal amplifier/generator (Block 4). Block 3 is mechanically coupled to the CV’s guidance radar antenna and slews with it toward the tracked target.Block 3 together with Amplifier 4 provides effective suppression of UAV control and navigation signals at long range. The boresight axis of Block 3 is aligned with the phased-array radar (PAR) boresight, allowing the directional jammers to be slewed using the existing radar drive system. When the main radar array is stowed in the travel position, Block 3 augments the omnidirectional coverage provided by the other blocks.The directional antenna array (Block 3) incorporates vertically polarized jammers operating across 415–5,860 MHz with an output power of at least 2 kW.Placement of the EW modules on the exterior of the SAM combat vehicle fulfills the following requirements:The modules do not obstruct the scan or field-of-view angles of the surveillance and fire-control radars.
The modules do not increase the vehicle’s overall dimensions, preserving transportability and cross-country mobility.
Electromagnetic compatibility is ensured so that the generated jamming signals do not degrade the SAM system’s radar performance.
All-aspect protection against FPV drones is achieved through omnidirectional jamming.
Fixed-wing and quadcopter reconnaissance UAVs are countered by long-range directional jamming.
Detection of FPV drone video transmission signals is provided by RF detectors.


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