2A36 «Giacint-B» i 2S5 «Giacint-S»

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Citat:152-mm gun "Hyacinth-B" 2A36. USSR




TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Production years -1976-early 1990

Total issued - no data available

Caliber-152 mm

Weight in combat position-9760 kg

Barrel length-8197 mm

Length of the rifled part - no data available

Payment - 8 people

Driving speed-up to 80 km / h

Rate of fire-5-6 rounds/min

Maximum firing range - 28,500 m (high-explosive fragmentation), 33,500 m (active-reactive)

Firing angles:

Horizontal - 50°

Vertical - 2° +57°

The development of a new 152-mm gun with an extended firing range "Hyacinth" was started to replace the 130-mm towed M-46 gun of the 1953 model in the SKB of the Perm Machine-building Motovilikha Plant (PMZ) under the leadership of Yu. N. Kalachnikov by order of the Ministry of Defense Industry of November 27, 1968. From the very beginning, the development of the gun was carried out in two versions-the towed "Hyacinth-B" (2A36) and the self-propelled "Hyacinth-S" (2A37). Both variants had identical ballistics and ammunition, which were specially developed for them, since there were no shots interchangeable with the Hyacinth in the Soviet Army.

In April 1972, both Hyacinth projects were presented at GRAU, in towed and self-propelled versions. Loading of the 2A36 "Hyacinth-B" and 2A37 "Hyacinth-S" guns was separate-sleeve, but an alternative version of the 2A43 "Hyacinth-BK" gun with cartridge loading was also developed. But in the final version, separate cartridge case loading was adopted. In 1976, the 2A36 "Hyacinth-B" gun was adopted by the Soviet Army.

The gun "Hyacinth-B" consists of a barrel with a bolt, recoil devices and a carriage. The gun has a monoblock barrel with a slot-type multi-chamber muzzle brake. The muzzle brake is highly efficient, absorbing up to 53% of the rollback energy. The rest of the recoil energy is absorbed by anti-recoil devices - a hydraulic recoil brake (groove type) and a pneumatic knurler mounted above the barrel and rolling back with it. The mechanism for changing the rollback length is designed so that at elevation angles up to 18°, a long rollback ( 950 mm) occurs, at elevation angles from 18 to 45° – variable, and at elevation angles over 45° – a short rollback ( 730 mm ). The design of the gun uses a horizontal wedge bolt with a semi-automatic rolling pin type. It provides a rate of fire of up to 6 rounds per minute. The loading process is simplified by using a hydraulic chain rammer. The rammer is automatically brought to the ramming line at the end of the roll and automatically returns to its original position after the projectile and cartridge case are rammed. Loading is activated manually by the control crane. The hydraulic drive of the rammer is powered by a hydropneumatic battery, which is recharged when the gun is rolled back. Thus, when the first shot is fired, the shutter is opened and reloaded manually. Two-speed lifting and rotary mechanisms of the sector type are mounted on the upper machine of the carriage. The upper machine is equipped with a push-type pneumatic balancing mechanism and a shield cover that protects the crew from bullets and shrapnel from artillery shells and mines. The lower machine of the carriage is made according to a two-stage scheme with a pallet. The frames are box - shaped and welded.

Sighting devices consist of a mechanical sight, a PG-1M panorama and an OP4M-90 optical sight. Undercarriage-biaxial with springing. Wheels with pneumatic tires, two wheels are located on each side of the gun. When moving to the firing position, the gun is lowered onto the pallet, the wheels are hung out using a hydraulic jack, which significantly increases the stability of the gun when firing and, accordingly, improves the accuracy of shooting. The transfer time from the marching position to the combat position, and back, is no more than 4 minutes. The gun is towed by a KrAZ-4556 truck (6x6) or tracked artillery tractors ATT, ATS and ATS-59, while a fairly high speed of movement is allowed.

Shooting from the gun is carried out specially designed for her shots of separate-sleeve loading. The main ones are shots with different types of high-explosive fragmentation shells. Shooting is carried out with four variable charges at a range of up to 28.5 km . A shot with an active-reactive projectile capable of hitting a target at a range of up to 33 km has also been developed for the gun . In addition, the gun's ammunition includes cumulative anti-tank and smoke shells. Later, the ammunition was supplemented with a cluster shell with a firing range of 14.5 km (42 fragmentation elements weighing 1.4 kg each). It is also possible to fire a laser-guided artillery shell from the 2K25 Krasnopol guided weapons system. The probability of hitting an armored object moving at a speed of 36 km / h is 0.7 - 0.8.

The 152-mm gun 2A36 "Hyacinth-B", having the maximum muzzle energy compared to similar guns, is designed to suppress and destroy nuclear weapons, defeat enemy command and control bodies, rear areas, manpower and military equipment in places of concentration and in strong points to the depth of the army's interests, as well as to destroy fortifications. The 152-mm 2A36 gun entered service with artillery brigades and divisions of army and front-line subordination. As of 1991, the Soviet armed forces units stationed west of the Urals were armed with 1,122 2A36 "Hyacinth-B" and 2C5 "Hyacinth"guns. Serial production of the 2A36 "Hyacinth-B" gun continued at the Perm Machine-building Plant from 1976 to the beginning of the 1990s


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