offline
- ray ban11
- Legendarni građanin
- Pridružio: 17 Sep 2010
- Poruke: 24370
|
Posto se malo prodetaljisalo o karijeri ( ogranicenjima ,finansijama ,limitima ,mnogobrojnim poteskocama tokom oper. upotrebe ...) aviona B-2 a pogotovo o limitima u okviru sporazuma START I/II da se malo to isto prokomentarise u vezi sa Labudom posto je on ekvivalent-pandan B-2 po broju ne i po broju nosecih ABG a to je zato sto se Tu-160 vodi po START iskljucivo kao raketonosac ( nosac atomskih ALCM do 8 ABG a B-2 samo bombarder ( mogucnost nosenja CALCM ) gravitacionih nukl. .bombi -ekvivalent -1 ABG .
Dakle kao sto je na temi o B-2 `objavljeno` januara 1992 je postignut dogovor Jelcinj-Bus o prekidu dalje proizvodnje Tu-160 ( do tada proizvedeno 19 ser.- ih i svi u AB Priluki sa 2 iz predserije ) uz to da Bus izdaje naredbu o proizvodnji 20 B-2 ( smanjio sa 75 ) .
Citat:1992: In the State of the Union address on 28 January, U.S. President George Bush proposed further strategic arms reduction to an unspecified limit (reportedly, to 4,700 warheads) under the condition of complete elimination of all MIRVed ICBMs. In the context of such an agreement, he promised to download the number of warheads on Minuteman ICBMs from three to one, to reduce the number of warheads on SLBMs by one-third compared to the START I projected SLBM force, and to convert "a substantial portion" of heavy bombers "to primarily conventional use." He also announced a unilateral decision to terminate the B-2 program at 20 heavy bombers instead of the previously planned 75, cancelled the small ICBM program, ended production of new warheads for SLBMs, and terminated purchases of additional advanced cruise missiles.The day following President Bush's address, Russian President Yeltsin, in a special televised statement, suggested a warhead limit of 2,000-2,500 warheads, reportedly with the the de-MIRVing of both ICBMs and SLBMs. Yeltsin also declared that Russia had unilaterally terminated the production of its heavy bombers (Tu-160 and Tu-95MS), as well as long-range air-launched cruise missiles (ALCMs), and proposed renouncing the creation of new types of such missiles on a bilateral basis. He announced that Russia would no longer conduct exercises involving more than 30 heavy bombers, and had reduced by half the number of submarines with SLBMs on patrol. He proposed that Russia and the United States agree on detargeting their nuclear weapons.
Citat:Plans called for manufacturing a total of 100 such aircraft, but in January 1992, the production was terminated on order from Russian President Boris Yeltsin.
E sad sta je tu ustvari bila zackoljica ..
Kao sto je poznato sporazum START I izmedju SSSR i SAD je potpisan 31 jula 1991 g (u okviru tog sporazuma je vec odredjen broj ABG i time moguci broj nukl. nosaca/smanjivanje ukupnog stanja / a pomenuti dogovor izmedju dva `prezidenta` je samo dao odrednicu /limit za ova dva strateska bomb/raketonosca koji su potvrdjeni sporazumom START II /jan 1993 /
Medjutim te 1991g se desava ovo
Citat: On August 24, 1991, the Ukrainian parliament (the Verkhovna Rada), in adopting the Declaration of Independence of Ukraine, also enacted a short resolution "About military formations in Ukraine". This took jurisdiction over all formations of the armed forces of the Soviet Union stationed on Ukrainian soil, and established one of the key agencies, the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense. On 3 September 1991 the Ministry of Defence commenced its duties. On 22 October 1991 units and formations of the Soviet Armed Forces on Ukrainian soil were nationalized. This was followed by two Laws of Ukraine that were adopted by the Supreme Council of Ukraine on December 6, 1991.
Prakticno vec avgusta te godine a neposredno nakon poznatog `avgustovskog puca`
 http://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D0%B3%D1.....1%83%D1%87
Ukrajina donosi odluku da sve sovjetske vojne efektive ( NVO ) stavi pod svoju kontrolu.Time naravno i onih 19/21 Tu-160 u AB Priluki .
Citat:The collapse of the U.S.S.R. deprived Russia of a significant part of the Soviet strategic air force, as most of the functional TU-160 aircraft (19 bombers) remained in Ukraine.
But Ukraine could not afford to maintain these TU-160 and TU-95 aircraft and did not even need them.
Besides, after 80 percent of the pilots from the Ukrainian strategic bomber squadron joined the Russian Air Force, the squadron ceased to exist as a combat unit.
Sta je tu bilo `sumnjivo` ? Prvo Ukrajina je sebe kasnije proglasila ne-nukl. drzavom ( OS bez atomskog arsenala ) ,drugo po svemu sudeci ( moglo bi se to slobodno zakljuciti ) ti Tu-160 su smisljeno ostali u Ukrajini ( ponavljam bilo je od strane Rusa pokusaja da se oni preuzmu/ otmu ? ali nije se moglo izvesti zbog toga sto su Ukrajinci takve akcije onemogucili postavljanjem LPA pokraj PSS i stajanki .... )
Isto tako sta bi tu moglo biti zackoljica tj sumnjivo kako je Jelcinj uopste pristao na prekid dalje proizvodnje ( tog jan 1992 ) kad su Ukrajinci vec preuzeli te avione predhodne godine ???
Citat:Russia has more than once tried to buy these TU-160 bombers from Ukraine or to barter them (for natural gas, for example), but could not agree on a price with Ukraine.
In the end, the aircraft deteriorated to scrap metal, as they stood for several years under open skies without due maintenance.
In late April, Ukraine's Defense Ministry attempted to sell three TU-160 bombers, together with spare parts, to the American Platforms International Corporation for only $20 million.
But the deal fell through because under the START-II treaty, all strategic bombers in Ukraine, except for those to be used as museum exhibits, are to be scrapped by the year 2001. The scrapping, financed by the United States, has been in progress since last year and costs approximately $1 million for each aircraft.
i na ruskom
Citat:В марте 1999 г. Министерство обороны Украины получило разрешение Правительства Украины продать три бомбардировщика Ту-160 и запасные части к ним за $20 млн американской компании Platforms International Corporation для переоборудования самолетов в носители ракет для запуска спутников. Организация запуска спутников с помощью ракет-носителей типа Pegasus возлагалась на американскую фирму Orbital Network Services Corporation. Российская сторона указала украинскому и американскому правительствам о нарушении положений Договора СНВ-2.
Sva ova prica vodi ka tome da su Ukrajinci jos tada prilicno zeznuli Ruse ( kao sto ih zezaju i sad samo sto Putin ipak nije Jelcinj ).
Naravno sva ova dilema oko aviona je dobro dosla Amerima koji su ispostovali START II ,proizveli 21 B-2 i od 2001 16 im se vodi kao nukl. nosaci dok su tu cifru predhodno dogovorenu 1992 Rusi morali da postignu tako sto su opet pokrenuli proizvodnju ( do tada im je u 121 GvTBAP doslo nekoliko do `92 nesklopljenih aviona ).Pored 8 vracenih iz Ukr i 6 do tada u Engeljsu sklopljena su i 2 nova ( 2000 i 2007 ) i pazimo sad ovo ...
Citat:Construction of this aircraft was completed in the end of 2007 and it was reported to begin flight tests in December 2007. It became the 16th bomber in the 37th Air Army, although Russia reports only 15 bombers in START data (it appears that Vitaly Kopylov was already listed in the January 2008 START data exchange).
Citat:The significant change in the strategic aviation was introduction of a new Tu-160 bomber. The bomber is still listed as located at the Kazan aviation plant, but it is now accounted for in the official START data.
http://russianforces.org/blog/2008/04/russia_added_new_tu160_to_its.shtml
Dakle odmah se zavodi u START ...
Zasto su Ruje prijavile 15 iako je Bort iz te 2007 VVS bio 16 -ti zato sto je 2003 g izgubljen onaj jedan pa je jos tada stanje bilo 14 sa ovim 15 a tek 2010 g ( kad je u stroj dosao Bort br 18 inace iz Ukr) onda je stanje bilo 16 aviona .
Detaljnija pojasnjenja imamo na 57 str.
Dakle Rusima je trebalo poprilicno da `sustignu` taj `egal- broj` sa B-2A po START II /po broju nosaca znaci ne i ABG / svaki sa 16 nukl. nosaca sa tim da Ameri imaju 4 viska dok je Rusima ostalo 5 nezavrsenih aviona .I jedni i drugi su izgubili po jedan oper. avion.
Zakljucak bi bio slican onome kao na temi B-2 tj `put posut trnjem` ,znaci mnogo poteskoca ( ne finansijskih koliko u ovom slucaju politickih/ moguce na neki nacin i smisljeno oduzimanje aviona Rusima te unistavanje veceg broja istih ??? /,mozda tehnickih jer je i `Labud` sigurno komplikovan za odrzavanje i opsluzivanje a nije bas ni jeftina bila proizvodnja / jako skupa tehnologjja varenja citavih sekcija aviona od legura titana itd ... /
Sve u svemu ova dva aviona su po mnogo cemu slicni ali isto tako i potpuno razliciti kao one njihove boje .
|
